Society and Economy

Administration Nayak System Little Kingdoms in Ramanathapuram and Pudukottai The kingdom of Ramnad was inaugurated by the Madurai Nayak Muthu

Vijayanagar Empire Origin and Expansion According to somelater-day tradition, Vidyaranya (also called Madhava), a renowned Saiva saint and Sanskrit scholar,

Art and Architecture Golkonda Fort: The Raja Krishna Dev of the Kakatiya dynasty with Warangal as capital constructed the Golkonda

Bahmani Kingdom Alaudin Hasan Bahman Shah (1347–1358) Mohammed I (1358–1375) Turquoise is a semi-precious stone sky blue in colour. Turquoise

Introduction Sources The Vijayanagar kings issued a large number of gold coins called Varaha (also called Pon in Tamil and

Religion Temples Cintamani, Mylapore, Tiruvotriyur, Tiruvadanai and Mahabalipuram are busy coastal trading centres recorded in inscriptions.

Economy Society Trade Irrigation Literacy Horse trade of that time has been recorded by Wassaff. He writes: “…as many as

State Palace and Couch Royal Officials Political Divisions Administration and Religion: Seventh to Ninth Centuries

Pandya Revival (600–920) Saivite saint Thirugnanasambandar converted Arikesari from Jainism to Saivism. Rise of Pandyas Again (1190–1310) Marco Polo, a