PANDYAS Sources Seethalai Saththanar, the author of epic Manimekalai, hailed from Madurai. Territory

Trade Cholas as Patrons of Learning The End of Chola Rule Sambuvarayars : Sambuvarayars were chieftains in the North Arcot

Society and its Structure Religion Builders of Temples Temple as a Social Institution Gangaikonda Chozhapuram Darasuram Temple Brihadishvarar Temple The

Economy Agriculture Land Revenue and Survey Irrigation Water Management Paddy as tax was collected by a unit called kalam (28

Chola Adminstration King Provinces Army Local Organisation Urar Sabhaiyaar Nagarattaar Nattar Local Elections and Uttaramerur Inscriptions : Two inscriptions (919

Empire Building

Introduction CHOLAS Origin of the Dynasty Sources Territory

Evolution of Syncretic Culture Architecture Qutb Minar, originally a 72.5 metre tower when completed by Iltutmish, was increased to 74

Economy Trade and Urbanization Industrial Expertise Education Historiography In addition to secular sciences that came with Arabic and Persian learning

Administration of the Sultanate State and Society Religion An important aspect of Islam in India was its early acceptance of